Adjournment Motion
Usually, the Legislature transacts its business according to the given agenda, but a matter of urgent public importance can be brought before the Legislature and discussed through Adjournment Motion by interrupting its regular business. An Adjournment Motion should be supported by not less than 50 members of the House for being accepted. If accepted, it results in stopping the ongoing business of the House and discussing the matter raised in the Adjournment Motion. The basic idea behind this motion is to give an opportunity to the House to discuss a matter of urgent public importance. The matter should also be of definite nature and should have factual basis.
This discussion on the matter takes Place at 16 00hours and continues for two and half hours. At the end of discussion, voting takes place. Since voting exposes the government strength in the House, the ruling
party tries not to allow the acceptance of Adjournment Motion in the House.
Bandh
This is a pressure technique to highlight some issues, in which a political party or pressure group gives call for the closure of shops, government offices, schools and other activities for a certain period. Bandh is organized to protest against the Policies and programmes of the government.
Coalition Government
The government formed by two or more parties together sharing the power is called coalition government. The coalition may be formed before or even after the elections. The coalition governments often emerge in a multiparty democratic country, when no single party gets adequate majority to form the government. The present Indian government led by Dr. Manmohan Singh a coalition government. The coalition government gives rise to the problem of co-ordination and adjustment which is resolved through developing a consensus among different parties on a minimum common programme of the government.
Federal State
Federalism is a constitutional arrangement in which the Powers and responsibilities of government are divided between the union or federal government and the provincial or state governments through the written constitution. Both the governments are autonomous in their respective jurisdictions. The United State of America is the first federal State in the world, which came into being in 1789. The other characteristics of a federal state are rigid constitution independent federal judiciary double citizenship, etc. Indian constitution also provides for a federal system of government, but the distribution of powers is tilted in favor of a strong central government ¸ Thus ,it is remarked that the Indian Constitution is federal in form but it is unitary inn Spirit¸
Guerrilla Warfare
It means fighting by small independent groups, characterized by surprise and secret attack on the enemy. The technique of Guerrilla warfare is adopted by a weak and small army in comparison to a big army of the enemy. The activities of Guerrillas are secret and hidden. Marathas used the technique of guerrilla warfare against the Mughal army. Similarly, the communist revolutionaries led by Mao in China scored success against Chinese defense forces through guerrilla war f are
Red Shirts Movement
Under the leadership of Abdul Gaffar Khan, Popularly known as the ‘Frontier Gandhi’, the Pathans of North-west Frontier organized the society of Khudai Khidmatgars (Servants of God) which popularly came to be known as Red shirts. They were influenced by Mahatma Gandhi’s Civil Disobedience Movement. The movement was pledged to Non-violence and the freedom struggle.
White Mutiny
The European soldiers of British Army mutinied at Meerut and Allahabad cantonment shortly after the revolt of 1857. They were opposed to the transfer of power and wanted discharge from service or additional salary. Ten thousand European soldiers who opted out of service were discharged by Lord Canning.
Ramosi Uprising
They served in the lower ranks in martial services. They revolted in 1822 at Satara under Chittur Singh against heavy assessment of land revenue and harsh methods of revenue collection. In 1825-26 they again revolted under the leadership of Umaji due to scarcity of food- grains. They were granted land, recruited in the Hill Police and thus were pacified.
Servants of India Society
It was founded by Gopal Krishna Cokhale in 1905. The work of the society was categorized under five heads viz. (a) Creating a passionate love towards their motherland among the people, (b) Promoting good will and co-operation among different communities, (c) Providing political education, (d) Assisting educational movements especially for backward classes and workers and (e) Helping the industrial development of the country. The society functions till date with its head quarters at Pune and works for backward classes, harijans and tribals.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
At this place in Amritsar General O’Dwyer ordered firing on an unarmed Peaceful crowd without warning, killing nearly 1,000 people. This tragedy brought Gandhi into the fore front of Indian Politics. Tagore renounced his knighthood and Congress boycotted the official committee of inquiry headed by Hunter. It introduced a dramatic change in the Indian Political situation.
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